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Tapeba people
The Tapeba people are an indigenous people of Brazil, who formed from the remnant populations of tribes around the Village of Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres de Caucaia in Ceará, Brazil.〔 They are native Portuguese-speakers and are also known as Tapebano and Perna-de-pau people.
Before official recognition as Indians in 1993, they were classified as mixed-race peasants. They trace their descent from the Potiguara, Tremembé, Cariri, and Jucá peoples,〔("Tapeba: Elements of local indigenous history." ) ''Povos Indígenas no Brasil.'' Retrieved 10 May 2013.〕 who spoke Tupi languages.
==Background==
The Tapeba people live on federally identified and delimited, but still not fully demarcated, indigenous lands in Caucaia, Ceará, in the Brazilian Northeast. In addition to indigenous blood, most Tapeba have significant European and, to a lesser extent, African racial heritage. Before their official recognition by Brazil's Foundation for the Indian in the 1990s, they had little history as a coherent indigenous identity. It was through prodding by Fortaleza's Archbishop Lorscheider, who was moved by their wretched poverty, that they organized in the 1980s and sought state recognition, which in Brazil often comes attended by lands demarcations, legal eviction of competing land occupants, and privileged access to healthcare, education and other state services. Before the 1980s, there are no historical registrations of a "Tapeba" people anywhere in Brazil.
To contextualize this, the Tapeba are one of about 50 groups presently living in Brazil's Northeast—where Indians are generally thought to be extinct because of this region's early colonial incursions—that have reemerged as political entities since the 1970s. Without exception, these groups seek official recognition and legal recourse to a better material existence, at the center of which are almost invariably violent turf wars with white landholders. In fact, many such groups in Bahia, Sergipe and Alagoas are racially Afrobrazilian.〔See Jan Hoffmann French's 2009 book, "Legalizing Identities"〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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